How Social Media Contributes To Retailing Marketing Essay

How Social Media Contributes To Retailing Marketing EssayThe retailing labor has effect itself constantly evolving and transforming in the past two decades. Globalization and advanced technology developments eat a very big impact on the retailing landscape. iodine of the major reasons for this process is the drastic increased growth of the internet and well-disposed media. The concept of social media has existed since the days of cave paintings but the internet has made things mathematical on a whole new scale. In this era, social media is one of the best opportunities avail subject for a brand to connect with its guests. Social media is hot and it is the trend. Globally, nodes that be buying the items that they wanted via virtual media had increased drastically. Traditional guest alliance management is not sufficient for a company to interact with customers. Social media has definitely changed the way big companies communicate with their customers. This study explains how social media contributes to retailing. Besides that, this study will besides describe around the impacts social media amaze on customer blood management.Keywords social media, customer relationship managementIntroductionInternet is at a time one of the most central channels of distribution right after high street retailing ever since its commercial launching around fifteen days ago and it is one of the major sources of empowerment and in any case customer information (Constantinides, Romer and Boria, 2008). The recent developments of internet, information technology and some opposite Web services had created a bigger bea of opportunities in businesses especially retailing. The Internet has changed our lives forever and it chuck up the spongesustocommunicateinwaysunimaginable only if afewyearsago (Leary, 2008).According to Borges (2009) it is verbalise that commercial internet started to make up a huge boom in some mid-1990s to 2001 and it his highly related to th e nations skill to absorb online information and having the choice to buy online product via ecommerce. In this era of globalisation commercialiseing and retailing are slowly embracing social media. The social media had given customers the chance to have much control, information and power over the market process, posing retailers with a number of central dilemmas and challenges according to Constantinides et al. (2008). We often turn to the Internet for encouragement, entertainment, accreditledge and advice. Advice on what to buy, where to buy it and who to buy it from (Leary, 2008).Besides that, in the recent years there is rapid growth of marketing strategies that involve in the circle of customer relationship (Pietro Pantano, 2012). Social intercommunicate which is now widely used by people around the world and it does have a big effect on the arrangings of customer relationship management and a new way to CRM is advent out as an suppositionl platform for using socia l network in the systems of traditional CRM (Pietro, Pantano Corvello, 2012). According to Divol, Edelman and Sarrazin (2012) it is stated that thirty nine percent of companies that they have surveyed have al arrange started using social media as their first choice of digital tool to reach out to customers. In about four years, the constituent is estimated to rise to forty seven percent. The way organizations are capturing benefits from the internet technology in the enterprise nowadays is totally different from the past where they attend to early(a) enterprise information systems (De Hertogh, Viaene Dedene, 2011).Overview of Social MediaWhat is social media? The term social media is made up of two words that have its own meaning. In general, the word media heart to have advertising and communication of information and ideas with channels and publications while the word social implies to the interaction in the midst of a group of people or a community (Sisira,2011). According to Sisira (2011) any kind of website that allows its users to have the authority to share the content, views, own(prenominal) opinion and encourages interaction wad be considered and classified as social media. The worldwide users of social media are over 1.5 billion. Social media is now an evolving wave in retailing. Examples of famous social media sites are Youtube, Twitter, Facebook, Blogger and Scribd. There is also Flickr or Snapfish which emerged as support storage, to share digital photos and an organization (Stefanone, Lackaff Rosen, 2010). Boyd and Ellison (2007) illustrate a better definition of social network site is that it serves as a web-based service which allow people to build a profile within a system whether it is public or semi-public and to connect with a list of people which they have connective to corresponding their family and friends. Social net work had given us a chance to interact with far more people in numbers comparing to our ancestors (Dunbar, 20 12). Social network like Facebook and Twitter has the advantage to able to admit and win the heart of its customers because social media can connect to them at a very deep level. Now, it seems like a new social network launches every week. To add on to all these famous networks, location-based social networking such as Foursquare and Facebook Places are on the rise (Kidwai Imperator, 2011).Out of hundreds of social networking site in this era, Facebook is undeniably the worlds plumpingst social network. Facebook initially started in February 2004 and it is originally meant to be a social networking site only for Harvard University students (Brothers, Dewland, Hahn Martin, 2011). Somini (2011) states that Facebook has already reached 800 million users worldwide as of as of September 23, 2011 and the users of Facebook press the like button or comment more than two billion times each day. Besides that, they upload a shocking 250 million photos each day too.Twitter is the second c onfidential informationing social networking site after Facebook. Wasserman (2012) said that twitter has already reached 140 million users as of March 22, 2012. According to Anderson (2011) Twitter is actually a place where its users talk about their daily doings, have a gallery to expose photography and as a platform for famous celebrities to be sure that they are part of their fans lives. Twitter is often draw as a micro- intercommunicate where individuals publish short and personal message about themselves (Brothers et al., 2011). Before the digital revolution, gathering a large measurement of crowd is incredible but with Twitter, it is now possible (Dunbar, 2012).Social medias contribution to retailingThe use of social media occasionally begins in public communication, marketing and retailing department or other department that have direct connection with stakeholders and customers whether it is in business or non-profit organizations (Evans McKee, 2010). There has been a dy namic change in the retailing industry in this 21st century. It is all because of the rapid growth of the web and social media. Generation Y are putting a greater emphasis on networking by using social media because they cominges work in a different way from their progenitor (Karen, 2009). If you are a marketer or building a brand, do not be worries that your company has missed the boat on taking advantage of social media because the majority of social media programs are actually bit with each other too (Taylor, 2011)..According to Burby, Atchison and Sterne (2007) social media allows super fast and easy communication with billions of customers in a short amount of time and have surely raised the speed where company and its brand can be created, have more exposure and grow. Social media has an enormous potential and cap ability for companies to worry with customer, gum olibanum increasing revenue and efficiency of the company (Baird Parasnis, 2011).The change in this industry d oes not depend on the size or a big idea of the company it is now nevertheless more focused on customer demand. The information about weaknesses, the good or bad and how can the product have further improvement can be analyzed within a week now compared to older days where such(prenominal) more time is need to do so (Yazdanifard, Obeidy, Yusoff Babaei, 2011). Decision makers are trying to find ways to enable firms to earn profit by making use applications such as Facebook, Twitter, Youtube and Wikipedia (Kaplan Haenlein, 2010). Social media users have the opportunity to offer feedback and feel more involved with a brand when the profiles status is update with positive information and challenges. It enables organizations to increase customer loyalty while at the same time set upting feedback from customers and discovering what changes they want (Friedman Friedman, 2008). According to an eMarketer study in 2008, nearly six out of ten get together States users now communicate wi th businesses and believe that the businesses must interact with their consumers and deepen the brand relationship via social networking website (Abedniya Mahmouei, 2010). According to Gilbert (2010) social media cost may be low but there is a need to invest time and energy in it to be successful. For example, if a retailers want to start a blog or Facebook page, they need to update it regularly or no one will return to see the content (Gilbert, 2010). Simply creating a presence on a popular platform like Facebook or Twitter does not guarantee that customers will be attracted to a firms page and engage with the firm and other customers (Culnan, Mc Hugh, Zubillaga, 2010). This is also because the use of social media by customers are voluntary and interaction among members need time, organizations need to take great steps in station to build communities and learn from the interactions (Culnan et al., 2010).Figure 1 The Social Feedback Cycle (Burby, Atchison Sterne, 2007)As we can s ee in Figure 1, it is the social feedback cycle. The word of mouth is important as we can see in the figure. According to Brown, Broderick and Lee (2007) a big part of online customer interaction is word of mouth communication and it influences on a persons evaluation and will to purchase a product. With social media, retailers can get data from their customers opinion or talk and use it as a consideration to enhance their product. As retailers and marketers, brand and business are very important and activity that they do need to have a return on investment, whether it is by increased sales, market share or brand recognition and social media that changed the way people interact with one another have a significant help for marketing, retailing, business and also branding (Drury, 2008).How do retailers turn this potential into real business opportunity and how does social media contributes to retailing?As an example, we can take a look at the best practices of some company in the reta il sector. Take a look at IKEAs Social Catalogue, their bearing is actually to raise awareness of a new IKEA investment firm with almost no media budget at all. According to Shercan (2010) IKEA is the worlds largest furniture retailer that is held privately and sells accessories and ready to assemble furniture. In the late 2009, IKEA had a Facebook campaign where the idea is contributed by Forsman and Bodenfors to promote a new IKEA store to be launched in Malmo and it was claimed to be a social media campaign that have the most innovation in Facebook (Shercan, 2010). The approach of this campaign is to upload photos of the rooms in the ikea showroom to Facebook, then they allow people to tag themselves a gatherst an item of furniture for the chance to win it in real life (Lindsay, Matthew, Jamie, Eveline Chris, 2011). When a person is tagged in a photo on Facebook, their friends will automatically receive an update that shows the photo. This simple competition will make people h ave the desire to get free stuff which also meant that this campaign had received a huge amount of public relations. With this, IKEA can increase their companys revenue. Dunay and Krueger (2010) also said that Facebook offers unique ways to communicate with customers such as the Facebook Ads as it can be bought on a cost per click basis and it is very popular as it let company to reach the hearing that they desire whether it is narrow or wide.Besides that, there is also Starbucks Mayor Offer where mayor of Foursquare in Starbucks at any local store gets to buy a frappuchino at only one dollar (Keath, 2010). This is special as it is the first national special for mayor using Foursquare. In this situation, customers get value from the discounts and they will have a sudden ego boost to become the mayor of their favorite Starbucks or the one nearest to them. Starbucks will of cable get popularity in a form of word of mouth and they are able to identify its top customers.On top of that , there are niggling businesses that use social media as a real business opportunity. As an example is Wrigleyville, a small company that sell sports related clothing in Chicago and Pittsburgh. Wrigleyville has build a Facebook page for three years and now has twenty two thousand likes and the company tracks sales and marketing efforts from Facebook. They also had encounter on Facebook on Mothers Day for visitors to upload some picture of Mom demonstrating why shes the biggest fan of Chicago Cubs (Doug, 2012).Social medias impact on customer relationship management (CRM)Customer relationship management is a combination of technology, business processes and people that want and seek to understand a firms customers and it focus on the incorporation approach on relationship development and customer loyalty (Chen Popovich, 2003). The premise of CRM is that is is a process of relationship building and dual creation of value between firm and its customers, to create win-win situations , enhance customer life time value and increase profitability ( Nguyen Mutum, 2012).According to Jayashree, Pahlavanzadeh and Shojaee (2010) customer relationship management is the collection of processes, people and technology that seeks to find costumers of organizations and CRM develops customers retention and relationship.Progress in Information Technology and organizational changes in customer-centric procedures have positive effect in the development of CRM. Organizations which implement CRM successfully, will gain customer loyalty and profitability (Jayashree, Pahlavanzadeh Shojaee, 2010). All employees in a firm are managers of customer relationship, whether you are the receptionist who answers the phone or customer service operator, and everyone in the company handles customers in the departments (Ronald, 2001). CRM focuses on the integration of customer information, knowledge for finding and keeping customer to grow customer lifetime value and it also has an important ro le to help organizations to keep their customers and to make them loyal. Organizations should know the reasons of leaving customers and finding the ways of keeping them (Ramakrishnan, 2005). With billions of people having access to a variety of social media, the ability of the word to share and connect is infinite and from a business point of view, companies are now allowed to create a customer experience never ahead done in the past. Traditional CRM was born in the early 1990s and customer behavior is in a very different phase directly (Rich, 2010). According to Vissing (2011) CRM is one of the most fundamental elements in any organization because of the emergence of social media in the industry. According to IBM research, there is a large percept gap between what the customers seek via social media and what companies offer (Baird Parasnis, 2011).It is important to master online communication in localise to know the people that can influence a particular market. Retailers today are working in a challenging era but they are now able to get closer to their customers and engage with them with a timely and relevant manner (Green Starkey, 2011). Together with CRM, social media can achieve a higher financial benefits to companies and it does not matter which sector they are in (Green Starkey, 2011).What does this change mean for CRM and how this social media phenomenon change the way firms interact with their customers? To engage with customer by using social media will definitely break if conventional CRM approaches remains the same (Baird Parasnis, 2011). CRM has slowly moved to become social customer relationship management (SCRM). A more strategic and holistic approach that combines social media with more aspects in businesses improves the rate of consistency in achieving success (Leary, 2012). Social CRM is often called CRM 2.0 and it grew because of the empowerment of customers that each customer has the experiences, tools and products with the compan y that satisfy their personal desire (Mosadegh Behboudi, 2011). Social CRM had pulled the world of customer relationship management into sticking with social media and it results in a very unique and interesting way of working (How do you think, 2012). Social CRM is about joining ongoing conversations customers and prospects that are already engaged in while trying not to control them and it is also about instinct where and what kind of people you want to do businesss by hanging out on the Internet (Leary, 2008).Social CRM is now a new paradigm in combining social networking into traditional CRM systems (Askool Nakata, 2011). At the same time, the interactions between buyer and seller can now be effortlessly stored in a CRM database system for the benefit of the marketer and retailers (Nguyen Mutum, 2012). This interactive era has not only increased collaboration between firm and customer but coupled with continuing proficient advances, a marketer has now the ability to track a nd store customer information optimally, in order to customize offerings to suit individual customer involve and desires (Nguyen Mutum, 2012). Kaftalovich (2010) claims that social media allows company to go into their customers social network and enable them to connect with the customers in an informal way. She also mention that social media is its own lead propagation machine and at Luxor CRM, they found that Twitter is extremely effective because they can gather customers curiosity, opinions and interest in the products as well as gathering about the audiences preferences and buying behavior. According to Green and Starkey (2011) SCRM can deliver insight, which will help drive real customer centric innovation. However, what is sometimes proposed is nothing more than the rattling of old ideas such as one-to-one communication, relationship marketing or customer engagement applied to social media.Such thinking actually misses the significant main point that social media is abou t people interacting with each other (Ang, 2011). To develop a good social media strategy, it is important to realize that technologies are now allowing people to quickly connect, converse, create and collaborate with each other (Ang, 2011).Besides that, the impact of social media on CRM is the raise of customer centricity. In the world of CRM, the deepen emphasis is existence placing focus on the developing measures that are more customer-centric and that give manager a much well rounded idea about how their CRM is performing (Russell, 2001). This growth of social media had an indirectly result to the growth of much more and better customer centric companies. With social media, it does not matter how much revenue you invest but it is the time, knowledge and patience that you offer in order to satisfy customers (Kaftalovich, 2010). The comparison between traditional CRM and social CRM is that traditional is more data driven and process centric while social CRM is more content driv en and conversation centric (Leary, 2008).With social media nowadays, people does not really care about companies that kept promoting themselves, instead individuals are seeking companies that can actually provide them with value. According to Heckadon (2010) if brands want to succeed in social networks environment then marketers must keep content fresh and relevant and the information in social networks must be easy to understand and share. In order to become successful in todays retailing world retailers need to understand about people opinion on their brand in the social sphere. capable retailers will take a look at their social CRM from the public relations, customer support, product development to maximize connection with customers (Bush, 2011). Retailers can help a brand create top-of-mind awareness by responding effectively to user communications (Heckadon, 2010). Retailers should alsofrequently update their brands social networking profiles and status, and establish RSS fe eds so followers can subscribe and father updated content on their computers and mobile devices (Heckadon, 2010). Besides that, one of the biggest advantages social CRM has over offline CRM is that social CRM can have a much bigger volume of real-time data and it can be used to personalize experiences of the company (Bush, 2011). The growth of more customer-centric companies had resulted in social media being a new wave of customer service and it is all about maintaining long term relationship and partnership with their customers and this is not just a business deal. The development of customer centric firms and lead generation definitely is the impacts of social media on CRM.DiscussionAs conducted and explained earlier, the purpose of this study is to explore the contribution of social media towards retailing and its impact on customer relationship management. The world of retailing is changing rapidly as time pass. Trends and major development in social media is one of the cause s for the rapid change in retailing industry. This paper shows an overview on social media from Facebook, the worlds largest social networking site to Twitter, Foursquare, Youtube and so forth. Then, it can be observe that major networking sites really helps a lot in the retailing industry. Many companies limit their employee to have access to social media sites because of their concern on their employees productivity (Karen, 2009). Social media allows company to communicate with a wide amount of customers much faster and efficiently. Retailers will also know how to further develop their product as they can get data about customers opinions, preferences and talk finished the word of mouth about their product in a short amount of time. This would eventually make the retailers produce what the customers want. Besides that, social media had helped retailers to have more real business opportunities. Firstly, there is IKEA who launches the Social Catalogue and is able to raise awareness with zero media budget. They focus on the desire of human being to get free stuff and consequently they get a huge amount of public relations. Then, we have Starbucks that have the Starbucks Mayor Offer on the Foursquare application. With this, Starbucks is able to gain popularity and also revenue. This shows that creativity does pay off in social media marketing campaign. Social media has definitely contributes to retailing with unique strategies in getting to know more about companys own product and also improving their sales and revenues.Furthermore, it can be observed by reading this paper that social media also have an impact on customer relationship management. We know that all employees are important in managing customer relationship in a received company and that social media had changed traditional CRM in a more holistic way and soon it became social CRM. The two major impact social media has on CRM is the growth of customer centricity and social media has become its own lead generation machine. Social CRM also enable company to promote and grow their brand through social media tools like Facebook. There has been a shift in power that can be observed when reading this paper as customers are being given much more priority compared to older day where seller or company had the power. Companies that implement a successful CRM will get the rewards in obtaining customer loyalty and long run profitability.ConclusionThere is no way to escape social media these days whether it is for individuals or business companies. It is almost unachievable to draw a line separating online world from social media. There are many reasons that social media rapidly gain usage in this era of globalization. The ability to achieve news and information through social media is one of the reasons. Companies are changing and rethinking about their traditional retailing and marketing strategies. This shows that social media is contributing to the retail world. Social network is fr ee and is available for everyone to access and it is generating a mass amount of data which is a big help to marketers and retailers. By carefully understanding the importance of customer relationship management, companies can target their customers more specifically as they have the data of their preferences and opinions. This is the impact social media has on customer relationship management. This is the time where every business takes social media seriously and look ats it in their departments. It is now a baseline requirement that whether you are a small or large corporation there is need to have online presence and prolonged conversation with customers. Different retail brands will have different needs and they have to adopt different approaches with different customers. It is very interesting to see how the retailing world will be affected by Facebook and Twitter in the upcoming years.

Safety in plastic manufacturing

Safety in plastic manufacturingINTRODUCTION credit card manufacturing is becoming unity of the most important fields in manufacturing (Makin 1987). All manufacturers argon essay to snub their cost by putting plastic into their machines or computers. Plastic Manufacturing started from producing combs and buttons trough it reached several(predicate) fields of production such as automotive, medical equipments, aerospace, construction and consumer goods as well as toys and packaging. The most important threat that has been facing the pass off of this technology is health and safety. Safety in plastic manufacturing is critical because you deal with contrary argonas such as the machinery, raw veridicals (generally petrochemical materials) which ar mostly flammable and recently there has been environmental issues of concern arising from the manufacturing of plastics thats why It needs to be considered during the bearing phase of a mill before starting the manufacturing phase.Wi th more and more mechanisation and advanced machinery being applied to this persistence, and greater application of new technologies being implemented with increased capability for providing flexibility to the process and operations, greater attention has to be given to safety.This question aims to capture what level of safety is there in plastic factories. And what it lacks for and what is needed to implement health and safety inside these factories and protect the stimulateers and the owners of the manufacturing plant in addition of comparing the cost of a safety program in a factory to the money spent in wooing accidents observe because of the low level of safety. The con will briefly review the impact of this industry on the environment and the importance of recycle to cut-down these impacts. Studies have been conducted in different industrial countries same(p) The United kingdom and The United States of America and comparing that to an industrial developing country like Saudi-Arabian Arabia.KEY QUESTIONSThere ar several questions to be exploded in this study of research because as mentioned earlier safety in plastic factories is critical because it is attached to different sectors like machinery, raw materials, and environmental issues. So the main question can be How to implement a safe environment in a plastic factory?This main question can be specified by exploitation the following questions1- What ar the most common accidents and injuries that happen in plastic factories?2- What are the reasons that cause accidents in plastic factories?3- Why is plastic manufacturing threatening the environment? What are the solutions to reduce this riskinesss and accidents caused by this industry?4- How can you develop safety in plastic factories in developing countries like Saudi Arabia?AIMS AND OBJECTIVESThis research will aim to capture the main reason of accidents in plastic factories and how to implement health and safety in this industry in all phas es. These aims can be specified to the following* Decreasing the risks that plastic manufacturing causes in the environment, and developing the ways to nix pollution caused by this industry such as plastic recycling.* Cutting down the number of accidents during work by applying advanced safety plans and precautions in Saudi Arabia.* Analysing the most common accidents and their reasons and link them together statically.* Implementing computers and networks in emergency management inside and outside the factories.Generally, this study will embrace the ways of having a effectual and safe environment in plastic factories and how to reduce accidents and risk that are caused by this industry.LITERATURE REVIEWIn 1868 John Wesly Hyatt developed plastic material called celluloid he used it to substitute ivory which was becoming more expensive and rocky to obtain subsequently improvements ,from that plastic industry was born (Bryce 1999). During the future(a) 40-50years others began to investigate this new process and used it for manufacturing. During 1940s the plastic injection moulding industry became more popular because of the demand created for inexpensive mass produced products after the World War II. The makers of Bakelite, the first synthetic plastic called it the material of the thousand uses and used the mathematical symbol of infinity as a trademark (Bryce 1999).In general applying safety to your factory and keeping your workers healthy and safe does non happen by chance there are different things to be make from electrical and machinery safety to dust use requirements for example careful management processes, commitment throughout the organisation in addition to safety management including risk assessments, engineering controls, and emergency procedures and training. Good management processes in plastic manufacturing includes carefully evaluating raw materials and implementing controls such as containers, safe handling procedures and use of appropr iate face-to-face protective equipment, because as mentioned before plastics are petrochemical materials that must be dealt with carefully. It is always recommended to have a good communication with the raw material companies in cutting any entropy is needed. Prevention of pollution is essential too it can be by controlling techniques for emission such as optimising processing conditions for handling and mixing dry additives and storing of these materials.wellness and safety associations such as Health and Safety executive director (HSE) work to improve safety in a all-embracing variety of sectors in this industry. Firstly, machines new or old should comply with its regulations and meet the requirements needed. About the workers government regulations in Europe and North America require that operators be protected from moving parts of machinery, while machinery parts that require a tool to open must be opened by trained power following appropriate safety procedures (British Pl astic Federation 2009 Health and Safety Executive 2009).To avoid hand injury which is almost 25-50% of the total injuries in this industry according to the HSE statistics survey, robots and automation are implemented to protect workers from injury during manual handling although it is difficult to eliminate manual handling but they are trying to cut it down. Safety of using these robots should be encountered too because there are not reliable and safe 100%.There are several accidents reported from using robots and automation, the first robot fatality occurred in Japan in 1981 the robot stabbed an employee to death the employee didnt use the safeguards (Makin 1987).Nearly 80 accidents in blow moulding factories were investigated by inspectors from HSE during 1986-1996.It was found that 50% of these accidents happen because inadequate or damaged safe guarding about another 25% were because of defeated safeguards (Health and Safety 2009). To avoid these kinds of accidents it is recomme nded to provide the rightfulness safer guarding and check it is kept in the position and working effectively.Plastics are created by refining common petroleum products the most common are crude cover and natural gas. Fire in plastics manufacturing may generate black acrid smoke and poisonous gases including carbon monoxide. The fires may spread quickly and be difficult to extinguish. Sources of ignition should be controlled by prohibiting smoking and hot work in high risk areas.A key to safe operation is safety consciousness and putting safety as a priority at all levels, from the operator to the omnibus. Mr.Seeberg the safety director at Clariant says that workers will notice if their site manager or supervisor is only bear on with the output or is also concerned with safety (Science Direct 2009). Before safety training can be effective, top management must show a clear commitment and interest in safety. Some managers say that their major concern is that they do not have the r esources to have a full time safety person in this case they can rent a safety supervisor in-order to reduce the cost.In general the employers duties can be summarised in* Making the workplace safe without risks to health.* Ensuring the plant and machinery are safe and that systems of work are set and followed.* great(p) the information instructions, training and supervision necessary for health and safety.The successful implementation of management system for both occupational health and safety and return to work programmes will result in positive change in business and safety cultures in the industry and there will be a extensive opportunity to reduce costs in manufacturing.The plastic industry faced a lot of threats in its beginning a lot of people try to link it with cancer. The waste and littering caused by plastic products in the world especially in sea shores (Meikle 1995).Plastic bags are light weight and moisture resistant importation that it can float in air and water easily and travel long distances. Every year more than six million tons of rubbish is dumped into seas and oceans more than 80% are plastic like plastic bags and bottles. Sea creatures eat the plastic thinking it was food which can cause their death, some beatified plastic bags for the death of kids by suffocation too (Clean Up 2009). To avoid plastic waste and cut from its effects high fines are applied at once in the USA the cruise ship Royal Princess was fined 311,000 for dumping 20 bags of garbage overboard( British Plastic Federation 2009).In-order to face these threats plastic associations are implementing recycling in both home so the impacts of this manufacturing can be prevented. Most of the plastics can be recycled and has its own way of recycling, thats why in the bottom of every plastic product you can find the initials for its name and type like PP for polypropylene and HDPE for high density polyethylene as shown below in Figure(1). In the UK five million tonnes of p lastic are used annually only 19% is getting recycled but it is planned to reach 25%by 2010.There are a lot of benefits from recycling plastic, to sum it up we can say less(prenominal) used plastic, less oil used for plastic production and less energy consumed which will affect the plastic industry positively.REASEARCH METHODIn this part I will introduce the methods used in this study and apologize the techniques used and where this research fit into. Generally this research is a combination of both methods three-figure and qualitative which is also known as the mixed method.Firstly, the quantitative method which mostly deals with numerical data to develop theories and hypothesis (Creswell 2003). In-order to obtain information to develop the safety in plastic factories we are going to design questionnaires and surveys to seek answers for a couple of question that will help us fill the gap. Some of these questions are open-ended and that is where the qualitative method combines.Sec ondly the qualitative method is a method of inquiry used for different scientific and academic fields, traditionally in the social sciences, but also in merchandise research (Creswell 2003). It also investigates how and when a decision can be made we will make some interviews with workers, factory managers, and people from health and safety organizations.normally in social sciences quantitative research is contrasted with qualitative for the purpose of discovering meaning and models of relationships. Although when it comes to their aspects of scientific investigation there is a difference (Creswell 2003), it is said that both are attached and help each other as Kuhn (1961152) says large amounts of qualitative work usually been prerequisite to fruitful quantification in the physical sciences. Qualitative research is used to explore a phenomenon and form theories then we can test these theories by using quantitative research.In this research in-order to obtain useful information that can help in applying health and safety in plastic factories and have a safe environment, we will have around 200 questionnaires distrubted to different types of people who in this industry such as workers, engineers, managers, etc. There will be interviews with people from health and safety organisations in the UK, like the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) and the Plastic Processors Health and Safety Liaison Committee (PPHSLC). Also there will be four factories from Saudi Arabia as case study and compare the safety of these factories to the safety requirements in the UK and try to develop the safety there to the same level in the UK. All the data interpreted from the questioners, survey, and interviews will be analysed by using SPSS to determine the relationships by manipulating factors thought to influence safety in plastic manufacturing. There are several studies make before in how plastic manufacturing is effecting the environment we will see where these studies reached and mo dify their approaches.TIMETABLETASKDURATIONProposal Preparation18Nov-1 DecLiterature Review1Dec-1 marchFieldwork1Feb-15 MarchData Analysis15 March-22 MarchPresentation22 March-1 AprilFinal Report1 April-30 AprilCONCLUSIONAs a conclusion for this study we will find the gaps in safety in plastic manufacturing and help having a safe environment by developing safety procedures and observe the threats that are effecting the environment. Also, the safety in plastic factories in Saudi Arabia will be studied, and determine what it lacks for and how can it be developed to reach the appropriate level of safety. As all studies in this field this study benefited from the relevance of previous researches and assumptions of many experts. The analysis of the data and surveys will show how much people are concerned about safety. Hope this study cans be effective in the development of safety in plastic manufacturing and helps other researches in the future in this topic to obtain what safety in pla stic factories lacks.REFERENCESBritish Plastic Federation (2009), Health and Safety online available from 21 November 2009Bryce, Douglas M. (1999) Plastic Injection Moulding.Clean Up Australia Ltd (2009) Plastic Recycling Fact Sheet online available from 22 November 2009Creswell, J.W. (2003) Research Design Qualitative, Quantitative, and mixed method approaches.Cross Plastics (2008) Domestic Recycling Symbols online available from 30 November 2009Health and Safety Executive (2009) online available from 17 November 2009Meikle, Jeffry I. (1995) American Plastic a Cultural History.Kuhn, T. (1961) The Function of Measurement in Modern Physical ScienceMakin, P. (1987) Safety in Advanced Manufacturing, ledger of Proceeding of the Advanced Manufacturing international seminar 14,(1) 1-4Markarian, J. (2008) Worker Health And Safety in Plastics Compounding. Journal of Plastic Additives and Compounding online 10,(1) 26-29.Available from 28 November 2009

Middle East Crisis Essay -- essays research papers

The Middle eastboundViolence in the Middle East must be stopped for the good of humankind. Fighting in recent days has been hazardous and fatal. There are many things that can be through with(p) to prevent this violence. A permanent cease-fire must be in effect, the international community should get involved and land claims must be worked out. These terzetto things are necessary in company to resolve this situation. A permanent cease-fire would be very important. If a permanent cease-fire was in effect, the cobblers last tolls will be dramatically lowered. The first step in the cease-fire process would be to unite both the Israelis and the Palestinians in an international peace group. This conference would make both countries realize that the violence that is occurring is serious and horrible. The Palestinians must cease their protests. These protests in the recent days have been turned into bloody battles because of the flap throwers. The rock throwers cause the Israelis to return fire. In the worst case, this violence could turn into a mass murder. The violence might become so violent, that there would be many unnecessary deaths and a potential genocide, which has happened in other countries such as Yugoslavia with this similar situation. This is not the only thing that has to take place in order for the peace process to proceed.The international community should be involved in the peace process. The United Nations condemns this violence and should ...

Comapring Gardners Model to the Theory of John Dewey Essay -- Teachin

Philosophers are part of history, caught in its movement creators perhaps in some measure of its future, but also assuredly creatures of its past.-John DeweyAmerican philosopher, genial commentator, idealist, educator, and democratic theorist, John Dewey has had a profound impact on Americas educational system. proponent of change and advocate of hands-on learning and interactive classrooms, Dewey accomplished a great deal in his long aliveness, (interestingly enough, he is the only major philosopher to active beyond his ninetieth year). He is the one professional philosopher of our age whose ideas have touched the common man through institutional changes in education and social action.Born on October 20, 1859, in Burlington Vermont, John Dewey was born into a small-town middle class family. His father was a reasonably successful town grocer and tobacconist, while his mother, intimately twenty years younger and better-born, had come from a prominent Vermont family.Dewey remember ed his mother as a woman of great piety, strict with her sons, and frequently questioning their correctness with Jesus. Until he was almost thirty years old, the greater part of Deweys intellectual life was concerned with mediating between the core of evangelicalism that his mother had given him and life as men live it, particularly the intellectual life of the later nineteenth century. Mrs. Dewey prized the principles of work, prayer, benevolence, maternity, and ambitious goals for her family. The disappointment of her marriage seems to have led her to seek an mislead sense of self-reliance.Due to her strong convictions, the home life of her three sons was very demanding. The teachings of his mother left Dewey with the notion that the world... ...ample is the characteristic of egoism among creative individuals. This also seems obvious, especially when dealing with the individuals he has chosen, as they are all famous and recognized worldwide for their achievements. On the whole I do not agree with Gardners model, and I believe that it is somehow wrong to stereotype and dissect people to the extent that he has. But hey, maybe thats why Im not an psychology or phyciatry major. working Cited1. Hook, Sidney. John Dewey Philosopher of Science and Freedom. 1950. Dial Press. New York2. Campbell, James. Understanding John Dewey. 1995. Open Court. Chicago, Illinois3. Johnson, A.H. The Wit and Wisdom of John Dewey. 1949. The Beacon Press. Boston.4. http//www.albany.edu/dkw42/s2-dewey-progr.html5. http//education.ucdavis.edu/ACADEMIC/EDU120/dewey1.html6. http//www.fred.net/tzaka/demointr.html

British Serial Killer Essay -- Psychology, Allitt

She is best known as the famous notorious British serial killer. Her crimes horrified and sickened many British families. I first hear about Beverly Allitt when I was watching TruTV. The show had a feature on Allitt and her crimes, this instantaneously caught my attention. The fact that a nurse would intentionally harm children seemed immensely juiceless and riveting to me. In my eyes, a nurse was someone who cared and showed concern for a patient. Not someone who intentionally caused anguish and trauma upon innocent children. Coming into this topic, I didnt know much about the scandalous nurse. I scarcely knew about her history and background. I had heard that Allitt was mentally sick and had suffered some obstacles during her childhood. I also knew that her main way of killing was through over doses of insulin, and that she worked at a ward for infants. The speculations that Allitt suffered from an odd mental illness ever so intrigued me.Ive always had many questions about Allitt and her murders. Like, why the children were killed and why they were so young? Children wouldve been easy targets for Allitt. Since most children are smaller than most adults, it would be easier for an adult to over source a child. Also, young children are innocent and might not realize what is happening in there surroundings. This leads me to my next question, how many children were killed and how were they killed? From my small knowledge of Allits history, I thought that she had killed five children. I also knew, that her main way of killing was through large amounts of potassium or insulin. Allits murder weapons were easily approachable to her. Ive always wondered if Allitt really had a mental disorder, or if she was faking it for sympathy. I t... ...lthy appendix she then plucked at her surgical scar, causing it not to recruit correctly. Allitt had been in the hospital for numerous reasons. She complained of gall bladder pain, headaches, urinary infections, uncontrolled vom iting, blurred vision, minor injuries, appendicitis, back trouble, and ulcers(Ramsland 2). When she was hospitalized in 1991, Allitt puzzled nurses when she tampered with the thermometer to produce perplexing readings, and also punctured her unspoilt breast to inject herself with water (Ramsland 2). While working at the ward, Allitt was known for doing weird things. She was suspected of smearing feces on the walls and putting it into the refrigerator for others to find When Beverly was convicted of her murders she release herself with paperclips, and burned herself with hot water. She was later placed in a mental ward for her own safety.

Marketing Ethics Essay example -- Business Morals Ethics Essays

Marketing Ethics The head of whether or not marketing is completely unethical is thequestion most critics of marketing seem to be focusing their attention on.Ethics provide the basis for deciding whether a particular action is virtuously favourable or morally bad (Britt 553). But, each individual develops differentopinions, moral standards, and values. So, marketers will deal with similarissues differently because there is no correct appearance to handle any given issue.Marketers face various types of ethical issues in their everyday marketingactivities. Such marketing activities that require marketing managers toutilize their moral values ethically are advertising, packaging and labeling,and global marketing.Advertising is the most criticized of all micro-marketing activities(McCarthy 643). What is considered as dirty or shoddy advertising is very serious to pinpoint, because times have changed and continue to change on aday to day basis. What one person may consider unfair or deceptive may not beunfair or deceptive to another person. There are no clear cut guidelines formarketing managers to go by, so they must utilize their own judgement based ontheir own moral standards. But, in the United States their is an administrativeagency that has the power to control unfair or deceptive business practices.The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) was created in 1914 to prevent unfairmethods of competition in commerce (commercial trade) and...

Japan History :: Japanese Culture, Shinto

ShintoShinto is the aboriginal spirituality followed by the lacquerese people. In the 8th century, Shinto institutionalises were for the first time, archived in codified records of history of the Nihon Shoki and Kojiki. Shinto today is a term that is related to community shrines matched with various human ceremonies like historical memorials, marriage, harvest festivals and worship. People who practice Shinto express their varied values with a standard way of communication and activities, implementing similar ancient dress code and rituals. There are 2 main Buddhism branches in costence and Mahayana is one of them. The term Mahayana means great vehicle. The origin of Mahayana Buddhism is India (Mason & Caiger 98). Out of the two major Buddhism traditions in existence today, Mahayana is the largest. The Mahayana traditions teach that the tradition is a path of quest, for absolute enlightenment for the benefit of all mortal beings. Mahayana is also referred to as Bodhisattvayana (Mason & Caiger 98). The history of Mahayana shows the spread of the tradition from India to other Asian countries. Mahayana Buddhism traditions exist even today.The Heian period is a historical time in Japanese history, happened between the years 794 to 1185. During this period, Buddhism, Taioism and other Chinese traditions were at peak (Morton & Olenik 23). The Heian period was named after(prenominal) the capital Heian-kvo, the modern Kyoto City. It was also the peak of the Japanese imperial court. The period is noted for its literature, art and poetry (Morton & Olenik 23). During this period, the Imperial house had the force play although the real power was held by the noble Fujiwara clan who had intermarried with the Japanese emperor. In Japanese, the term Heian means peace and tranquility. The establishment of Kamakura shogunate in Japan happened after the then sentiment Taira clan was defeated in Genpei war. Kamakura shogunate was headed by shoguns (Mason & Caiger 158) . The shoguns were hereditary military dictators of Japan. The shogunate was based in kamakura, and controlled the entire nation. Court Life in Heian JapanThe Heian period saw the Fujiwara clan hold the real power. The Fujiwala clan was noble and so, they had great influence on politics and culture in Japan (Mason & Caiger 249). The noble families life was focused on manners and beauty guided by a powerful civil code called miyabi. At the Kyoto court, etiquette, appearance and self-abnegation were stressed (Mason & Caiger 106).